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<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Tkinter 8.5 reference: a GUI for Python</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/docbook.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.70.1"><meta name="description" content="Describes the Tkinter widget set for constructing graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in the Python programming language. Includes coverage of the ttk themed widgets. This publication is available in Web form and also as a PDF document. Please forward any comments to tcc-doc@nmt.edu."><link rel="start" href="index.html" title="Tkinter 8.5 reference: a GUI for Python"><link rel="next" href="intro.html" title="1. A cross-platform graphical user interface builder for
    Python"></head><body><div class="topnavbar"><a href="intro.html">Next</a> / Previous / <a href="index.html">Contents</a></div><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr valign="top"><td align="left" valign="top"><h1><span class="application">Tkinter</span> 8.5 reference: a GUI for Python</h1></td><td><img alt="organizational logo" src="img/logo.png"></td></tr></table><hr></div><div class="article" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><div class="abstract"><p class="title"><b>Abstract</b></p><p>
        Describes the <span class="application">Tkinter</span> widget set for constructing
        graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in the Python
        programming language.  Includes coverage of the <span class="application">ttk</span>
        themed widgets.
      </p><p>
        This publication is available in <a href="http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/" target="_top">Web form</a> and also as a <a href="tkinter.pdf" target="_top">PDF document</a>.  Please
        forward any comments to <strong class="userinput"><code>tcc-doc@nmt.edu</code></strong>.
      </p></div></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="intro.html">1. A cross-platform graphical user interface builder for
    Python</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="minimal-app.html">2. A minimal application</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="glossary.html">3. Definitions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="layout-mgt.html">4. Layout management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="grid.html">4.1. The <code class="code">.grid()</code> method</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="grid-methods.html">4.2. Other grid management methods</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="grid-config.html">4.3. Configuring column and row sizes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="root-resize.html">4.4. Making the root window resizeable</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="std-attrs.html">5. Standard attributes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="dimensions.html">5.1. Dimensions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="coordinates.html">5.2. The coordinate system</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="colors.html">5.3. Colors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="fonts.html">5.4. Type fonts</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="anchors.html">5.5. Anchors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="relief.html">5.6. Relief styles</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="bitmaps.html">5.7. Bitmaps</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="cursors.html">5.8. Cursors</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="images.html">5.9. Images</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="geometry.html">5.10. Geometry strings</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="window-names.html">5.11. Window names</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="cap-join-styles.html">5.12. Cap and join styles</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="dash-patterns.html">5.13. Dash patterns</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="stipple-offset.html">5.14. Matching stipple patterns</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-exceptions.html">6. Exception handling</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="button.html">7. The <code class="code">Button</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="canvas.html">8. The <code class="code">Canvas</code> widget</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="canvas-window-coords.html">8.1. <code class="code">Canvas</code> coordinates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="display-list.html">8.2. The <code class="code">Canvas</code> display list</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="canvas-oid.html">8.3. <code class="code">Canvas</code> object IDs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="canvas-tags.html">8.4. <code class="code">Canvas</code> tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tag-or-id.html">8.5. <code class="code">Canvas <em class="replaceable"><code>tagOrId</code></em></code> arguments</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="canvas-methods.html">8.6. Methods on <code class="code">Canvas</code> widgets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_arc.html">8.7. <code class="code">Canvas</code> arc objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_bitmap.html">8.8. <code class="code">Canvas</code> bitmap objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_image.html">8.9. <code class="code">Canvas</code> image objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_line.html">8.10. <code class="code">Canvas</code> line objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_oval.html">8.11. <code class="code">Canvas</code> oval objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_polygon.html">8.12. <code class="code">Canvas</code> polygon objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_rectangle.html">8.13. <code class="code">Canvas</code> rectangle objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_text.html">8.14. <code class="code">Canvas</code> text objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="create_window.html">8.15. <code class="code">Canvas</code> window objects</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="checkbutton.html">9. The <code class="code">Checkbutton</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="entry.html">10. The <code class="code">Entry</code> widget</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="entry-scrolling.html">10.1. Scrolling an <code class="code">Entry</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="entry-validation.html">10.2. Adding validation to an <code class="code">Entry</code>
      widget</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="frame.html">11. The <code class="code">Frame</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="label.html">12. The <code class="code">Label</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="labelframe.html">13. The <code class="code">LabelFrame</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="listbox.html">14. The <code class="code">Listbox</code> widget</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="listbox-scrolling.html">14.1. Scrolling a <code class="code">Listbox</code> widget</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="menu.html">15. The <code class="code">Menu</code> widget</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="menu-coptions.html">15.1. <code class="code">Menu</code> item creation (<code class="code">coption</code>) options</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="menu-toplevel.html">15.2. Top-level menus</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="menubutton.html">16. The <code class="code">Menubutton</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="message.html">17. The <code class="code">Message</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="optionmenu.html">18. The <code class="code">OptionMenu</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="panedwindow.html">19. The <code class="code">PanedWindow</code> widget</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="pane-options.html">19.1. <code class="code">PanedWindow</code> child configuration
      options</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="radiobutton.html">20. The <code class="code">Radiobutton</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="scale.html">21. The <code class="code">Scale</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="scrollbar.html">22. The <code class="code">Scrollbar</code> widget</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="scrollbar-callback.html">22.1. The <code class="code">Scrollbar <em class="replaceable"><code>command</code></em></code> callback</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="connecting-scrollbars.html">22.2. Connecting a <code class="code">Scrollbar</code> to another
      widget</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="spinbox.html">23. The <code class="code">Spinbox</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="text.html">24. The <code class="code">Text</code> widget</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="text-index.html">24.1. <code class="code">Text</code> widget indices</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="text-mark.html">24.2. <code class="code">Text</code> widget marks</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="text-image.html">24.3. <code class="code">Text</code> widget images</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="text-window.html">24.4. <code class="code">Text</code> widget windows</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="text-tag.html">24.5. <code class="code">Text</code> widget tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="text-tabs.html">24.6. Setting tabs in a <code class="code">Text</code> widget</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="text-undo-stack.html">24.7. The <code class="code">Text</code> widget undo/redo
      stack</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="text-methods.html">24.8. Methods on <code class="code">Text</code> widgets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="toplevel.html">25. <code class="code">Toplevel</code>: Top-level window
      methods</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="universal.html">26. Universal widget methods</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="option-database.html">27. Standardizing appearance</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="new-widget-class.html">27.1. How to name a widget class</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="naming-widgets.html">27.2. How to name a widget instance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="resource-lines.html">27.3. Resource specification lines</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="resource-matching.html">27.4. Rules for resource matching</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk.html">28. <span class="application">ttk</span>: Themed widgets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-setup.html">28.1. Importing <span class="application">ttk</span></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-widget-set.html">28.2. The <span class="application">ttk</span> widget set</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Button.html">29. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Button</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Checkbutton.html">30. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Checkbutton</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Combobox.html">31. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Combobox</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Entry.html">32. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Entry</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Frame.html">33. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Frame</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Label.html">34. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Label</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-LabelFrame.html">35. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.LabelFrame</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Menubutton.html">36. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Menubutton</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Notebook.html">37. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Notebook</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Notebook-events.html">37.1. Virtual events for the <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Notebook</code>
      widget</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-PanedWindow.html">38. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.PanedWindow</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Progressbar.html">39. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Progressbar</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Radiobutton.html">40. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Radiobutton</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Scale.html">41. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Scale</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Scrollbar.html">42. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Scrollbar</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Separator.html">43. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Separator</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Sizegrip.html">44. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Sizegrip</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Treeview.html">45. <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Treeview</code></a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Treeview-events.html">45.1. Virtual events for the <span class="application">ttk</span><code class="code">.Treeview</code>
      widget</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-Widget.html">46. Methods common to all <span class="application">ttk</span> widgets</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-state-spec.html">46.1. Specifying widget states in <span class="application">ttk</span></a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-themes.html">47. Customizing and creating <span class="application">ttk</span> themes and styles</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-theme-layer.html">48. Finding and using <span class="application">ttk</span> themes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-style-layer.html">49. Using and customizing <span class="application">ttk</span> styles</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-element-layer.html">50. The <span class="application">ttk</span> element layer</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-layouts.html">50.1. <span class="application">ttk</span> layouts: Structuring a style</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-map.html">50.2. <span class="application">ttk</span> style maps: dynamic appearance
      changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="connecting.html">51. Connecting your application logic to the widgets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="control-variables.html">52. Control variables: the values behind the widgets</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="focus.html">53. Focus: routing keyboard input</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ttk-focus.html">53.1. Focus in <span class="application">ttk</span> widgets</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="events.html">54. Events</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="binding-levels.html">54.1. Levels of binding</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="event-sequences.html">54.2. Event sequences</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="event-types.html">54.3. Event types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="event-modifiers.html">54.4. Event modifiers</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="key-names.html">54.5. Key names</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="event-handlers.html">54.6. Writing your handler: The <code class="code">Event</code>
      class</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="extra-args.html">54.7. The extra arguments trick</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="virtual-events.html">54.8. Virtual events</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="dialogs.html">55. Pop-up dialogs</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="tkMessageBox.html">55.1. The <code class="code">tkMessageBox</code> dialogs
      module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tkFileDialog.html">55.2. The <code class="code">tkFileDialog</code> module</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="tkColorChooser.html">55.3. The <code class="code">tkColorChooser</code> module</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div></div><hr><div class="navfooter"><div class="botlinks"><div class="bot-next"><b>Next: </b><a href="intro.html">1. A cross-platform graphical user interface builder for
    Python</a></div><div><b>Home: </b><a href="http://www.nmt.edu/">About New Mexico Tech</a></div></div><hr><div class="colophon"><address><div class="colophon-author">John W. Shipman</div><div class="colophon-mailto">Comments welcome: <a href="mailto:tcc-doc@nmt.edu">tcc-doc@nmt.edu</a></div></address><div class="colophon-date">Last updated: 2013-12-31 17:59</div><div class="colophon-url">URL: <span class="colophon-uri">http://www.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/web/index.html</span></div></div></div></body>
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